So, the story gets a little more interesting.
I talked to my buddy who I thought might have a NOS '57 sending unit. He didn't, but he did have an original used one.
In addition to that, he's partially built a test circuit where he can wire up temperature and gas gauges, and test them out. He offered to loan that to me.
In the meantime, I made an interesting discovery. It turns out the '57 temperature sending units are still available from GM, but the part number has changed.
As you know, AC-Delco often has their own part numbering system that's independent of the GM part number used at the parts counter. This is a case in point.
In the pictures below (from an old eBay listing), you see that the '57 sending unit 1513321 is also known by the Delco part G1852. Rockauto has it available - here's the G1852 description:
https://www.rockauto.com/en/moreinfo.php?pk=98816&jsn=260 .
You'll note there's a cosmetic difference between the two - the black insulator is smaller in the new version. But, it's the electrical characteristics I care about.
It's going to be a week or two before I can pull everything together. But, it looks like I'll be able to measure resistance vs. temperature on a NOS '56, a current-production '57, and aused '57 sending unit. Given those measurements, I can then dial in the resistance values measured and show what that should look like on original temperature gauges.
I'll probably start that as a new thread, in case it ends up as a sticky thread.