John, let me answer the question using the American terms for the parts.
The ignition switch is the big assembly where the wires connect.
The lock cylinder is what you put the key in.
The ignition switch is held in place by a lock nut. On a '57, there's a chrome trim ring that covers the lock nut.
You assemble all this in the following order:
1. Push the ignition switch through the dash and secure with the lock nut.
2. Press the trim ring onto the lock nut.
3. Put the key in the lock cylinder.
4. Hold the lock cylinder such that the jagged edge of the key points straight downward. Turn the lock cylinder almost 1/4 turn counterclockwise (anti-clockwise) and slide it into the ignition switch. Turn clockwise until it snaps into place.
Reverse the procedure to disassemble.
(Of course, you start disassembly by putting the key in the cylinder and turning to the lock position. Then, use a pin or paper clip through the hole in the lock cylinder to depress the locking button that holds the cylinder in the switch. Then continue turning the key anti-clockwise until the cylinder pops loose.)
Now, it should be impossible to install the lock cylinder with the jagged edge of the key pointing upwards, due to the male/female connection between the lock cylinder and the switch. If you somehow managed to do that, you've got a real mess. You will likely have to destroy the cylinder and/or switch to disassemble them.
Also, if you try to remove the lock nut before removing the lock cylinder, you will damage the lock nut and the visible portion of the lock cylinder. But, if you have gotten the cylinder in upside down, that may be your best choice.